frazil

• “As the ocean water begins to freeze, small needle-like ice crystals called frazil form.”

  Sea ice

• “The first signs of freezing are changes in color and texture as millions of tiny floating ice needles form, creating a dense “soup” called frazil ice.”

  Arctic Ocean

• “One of them, ready for use, was covered with the black earth called 'frazil', which is extracted from the site of old charcoal works; the other, in course of construction, showed the successive layers of logs ranged in circles inside, ready for the fire.”

  A Woodland Queen — Complete

• “This has implications for the types of ice that constitute the freeze-up cover and for the creation of unique under-ice habitats such as air cavities and those influenced by frazil concentrations.”

  Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic

• “It was on that frazil ice, that some people called lolly, that I meant to run for my life now, trusting to the resistance of the two feet of snow that lay on the lake in the mysterious way snow does lie on lolly, and to the snowshoes on my feet.”

  The La Chance Mine Mystery

• “When ICESCAPE Co-chief Scientist Don Perovich of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory conducts an ice watch, he scans for formation types like frazil, shuga, grease and pancake.”

  Scientific American

• “Hers is Yosemite, where she longs to see the frazil ice that forms there every March and April.”

  The Huffington Post: Ellen Sterling: The Complete Road Trip: Main Highway or Obscure Byway, One Site Has Them All

• “Changes in the ice regime will also require changes in operating strategies for hydroelectric installations, both at the generating facility to reduce impacts from ice (e.g., accumulations of frazil, the slushy ice-water mixture that develops when turbulent water starts to freeze), and for management of downstream flows to minimize negative impacts on river ecology and infrastructure.”

  River and lake ice in the Arctic

• “This may promote the formation of frazil ice at the freshwater – saltwater boundary.”

  Freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic

• “Although all major ice types would continue to form, unless there were also significant changes in the flow regime, the frequency and magnitude of, for example, periods of major frazil ice growth will probably be reduced.”

  Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic

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