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Definitions

Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia

  1. That one of two great divisions of the animal kingdom (the other being the Vertebrata) which includes animals having no spinal column or backbone. It includes seven of the eight main branches into which Animalia are divisible, namely Protozoa, Cælenterata. Echinodermata, Vermes, Arthropoda, Molluscoidea, and Mollusca. thus leaving only the Vertebrata as the remaining subkingdom, of equal rank only with any one of the others, not with them all collectively. The word, however, no longer retains any exact taxonomic significance, being simply used to designate those animals collectively which are not vertebrated. The primary division of the animal kingdom now made is into Protozoa and Metazoa, and the Vertebrata form one of the divisions of the latter, to be contrasted with any one of the prime divisions of the metazoic Invertebrata, not with the Invertebrata collectively. Both terms (Vertebrata and Invertebrata) originated with Lamarck, about the beginning of the nineteenth century. Also called Evertebrata.

GNU Webster's 1913

  1. n. (Zoöl.) A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all except the Vertebrata.

Examples

  • “These characteristics place man inevitably among the so-called vertebrata; he is certainly not an invertebrate, nor is the basic structure of his body such that a third group, outside the invertebrata and vertebrata, can be made to include only the single type -- man.”

    The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope

  • “Even Agassiz, who was a believer in special creation and an opponent of evolution, was constrained to point out many other instances, mainly among the invertebrata, where there was a like correspondence between the ontogeny of existing species and their phylogenetic history as revealed by the fossil remains of their ancestors.”

    The Doctrine of Evolution Its Basis and Its Scope

  • “In the first four chapters of the fourth book the anatomy of the invertebrata is dealt with, and the accounts given of certain mollusca and crustacea are very careful and minute.”

    Fathers of Biology

  • “We are now in a position to appreciate the fact that the old and more popularly know division of animals into vertebrata and invertebrata scarcely represents the facts of the case, that the primary division should be into protozoa and metazoa, and that the vertebrata are one of several groups of metazoa with a fundamental bilateral symmetry and imperfect metameric segmentation.”

    Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata

  • “The nerves of invertebrata, where they possess nerves, are mostly grey, and so are those of the sympathetic system of vertebrata, to be presently described, g.c., g.c. are ganglion cells; they may have many hair-like processes, usually running into continuity with the axis cylinders of nerve fibres, in which case they are called multi-polar cells, or they may be uni - or bi-polar.”

    Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata

  • “[1] Some of the lower vertebrata (Elasmobranch and Ganoid fishes) occur, indeed, in early strata (upper Silurian); but still far from the earliest in which some of the invertebrata are found.”

    The Scientific Evidences of Organic Evolution

  • “Its explanatory power in the case of most invertebrata -- as well as in that of all plants -- is extremely limited, inasmuch as these organisms can never be moved to a greater or less use of their several parts by any discriminating volition, such as that which leads to the continued straining of a giraffe's neck for the purpose of reaching foliage.”

    Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions

  • “The incredible activity of the first professor had so greatly increased the number of the known invertebrata that it was found necessary to endow two professors, where one had originally been sufficient.”

    Evolution, Old & New Or, the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, as compared with that of Charles Darwin

  • “Lakanal knew that a single professor could not suffice for the task of arranging the collections of the entire animal kingdom, and as Geoffroy was to class the vertebrate animals only, there remained the invertebrata -- that is to say, insects, molluscs, worms, zoophytes -- in a word, what was then the chaos of the unknown.”

    Evolution, Old & New Or, the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, as compared with that of Charles Darwin

  • “Similar variations occur in all the various groups of marine invertebrata, and in the great sub-kingdom of the mollusca they are especially numerous.”

    Darwinism (1889)

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