joint-stock

• “He sees little future for the newly emerging business organizations called joint-stock companies corporations, since it seems highly improbable that such impersonal bodies could muster the necessary self-interest to pursue complex and arduous undertakings.”

  Simon & Schuster: The Worldly Philosophers

• “Lawrence Washington, William Fairfax, and other Virginians began talking as early as 1747 about forming a “company of gentlemen and adventurers,” as joint-stock corporations were called, to speculate in Ohio lands and take the Indian fur trade away from the French and the Pennsylvanians.”

  Simon & Schuster: George Washington’s First War

• “Furthermore, the government overhauled regulations to allow the cajas — controlled by employees, depositors and local governments — to become joint-stock companies and list on the stock market.”

  The Wall Street Journal: Spain Moves to Clean Up Cajas

• “For example, many of the early British North American colonies were founded by joint-stock companies, including the famous Massachusetts Bay Company.”

  The Wall Street Journal: A Short (Sometimes Profitable) History of Private Equity

• “Then, as Russia's prime minister, he signed a decree turning Gazprom, which holds about one-sixth of the world's gas reserves, into a joint-stock company and ensured its monopoly on production, sale, transport and export of Russia's gas.”

  The Wall Street Journal: Former Russian Premier Chernomyrdin Dies at 72

• “Aabar said in a statement posted on the Abu Dhabi exchange website that its board will meet Thursday to consider calling an extraordinary meeting of shareholders to discuss the firm's conversion to a private joint-stock company.”

  The Wall Street Journal: Abu Dhabi's Aabar Considers Delisting

• “China's banks can be classified as state-owned policy banks, state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, and others such as rural credit cooperation associations, city commercial banks and foreign banks.”

  Forbes: China's Stimulus May Be A Curse In Disguise

• “However, Volkswagen is seeking shareholder approval at its annual general meeting on April 22 to issue bonds with warrants or convertible bonds for a maximum of 40 million preferred shares in order to gain an additional financing instrument, which the company predicts will become common for boosting the financial flexibility of major joint-stock listed companies in future.”

  The Wall Street Journal: Volkswagen to Raise Capital

• “That was the joint-stock enterprise originally chartered by the first Queen Elizabeth.”

  The Huffington Post: Crocodile Tears on Wall Street

• “Created in 1602 as the world's first joint-stock company, the VOC was comprised of six member chambers, known as kamers, which were the legacy of the various smaller commercial organizations folded into the VOC.”

  Belongings: Property, Family, and Identity in Colonial South Africa

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