kermes

• “Carthamus tinctorius; and by the Hebrews from the Coccus ilicis, an insect which infests oak trees, called kermes by the”

  Easton's Bible Dictionary

• “The Polifli berries, called kermes, are found adhering to the leaves, ftem, and branches, of a kind of ever-green of the oak genus; and are always gathered in May, before they are fully ripjC.”

  Internet Archive: The geographical magazine, or, A new, copious, compleat, and universal system of geography [microform] : containing an accurate and entertaining account and description of the several continents, islands, peninsulas, isthmuses, capes, promontories, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, gulphs, and bays of Asia, Africa, Europe, and America : divided into empires, kingdoms, states, and colonies, with the climate, situation, extent and boundaries of each ...

• “She gave me thread dyed with madder, when I had been weaving thread dyed with kermes, a more expensive dye and a richer crimson.”

  Simon & Schuster: Wildfire

• “Had she sold the kermes thread and bought madder and kept the difference?”

  Simon & Schuster: Wildfire

• “L'ECARLATE rouge, communement apellée écarlate de Venise, sera teinte avec la graine de kermes, sans aucun meslange de bresil; sous les peines portées par l'articles XIX.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Cochineal was, like kermes, an insect-based color source for red.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “When a "student of manufactures" sent the to the Council of Commerce in Paris his outline of a treatise on dyeing, he offered his reflections on plant life from observation and combined them with his understanding of coloring sources. 7 He was inspired by the information that cochineal and kermes are animal colors, derived from insects that feed on certain plants; his objects were the insects he found in the garden.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Holland scarlet (Drebbel's red reference), a textile color based on cochineal in a tin mordant, was replacing the kermes - and alum-based Venetian scarlet as the most common, and the most desirable, bright red color. reference reference Holland scarlet-dyed cloth, a specialty of Dutch and English dyers was not regularly produced in France.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Again, these are not colors made from insects such as cochineal or kermes, but rather special colors that Schäffer had employed in the illustrations for his entomological treatise. 7”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Its coloring source was madder root which, unlike kermes and cochineal, was cultivated throughout Europe.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

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