spirants

• Single p, t, k were shifted to the voiceless double spirants ff, ȥȥ, hh (also written ch) = MHG. ff (f), ȥȥ (ȥ), ch. —  A Middle High German Primer Third Edition
• The main points of correspondence between the Italic dialects as a whole, by which they are distinguished from the Greek, are as follow: -- Firstly, they all retain the spirants S, J (pronounced Y), and V, _e.g. sub, vespera, janitrices_, beside _upo, espera, einateres_. —  The History of Roman Literature From the earliest period to the death of Marcus Aurelius
• The spirants thorn and eth are represented by _th_ and _d_, as being more familiar to readers unacquainted with the original. —  The Edda, Volume 1 The Divine Mythology of the North, Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore, No. 12
• The voiced explosives {b, d, g}, and the voiced spirants {ƀ, ʒ} did not undergo the same universal shifting as the voiceless explosives. {ƀ, ʒ} became {b, g}. {b, g} remained, and {d} became {t}, as OE. {brōþor}, —  A Middle High German Primer Third Edition

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