Definitions
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A 16th-century guitar with a flat, pear-shaped body.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. See cithern.
Wiktionary
- n. A stringed instrument similar to a mandolin
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or plectrum.
WordNet 3.0
- n. a 16th century musical instrument resembling a guitar with a pear-shaped soundbox and wire strings
Etymologies
- Perhaps blend of Latin cithara, cithara; see cithara, and obsolete English gittern (from Middle English, from Old French guiterne, from Latin cithara).
Examples
“At Gubbio, the cittern is depicted alongside the architect's set square/level, the hourglass, and divider, and directly beneath the term ingenioq, implying that one's natural talent (s) should be guided by discipline and right pleasure. back”
Architecture and Memory: The Renaissance Studioli of Federico da Montefeltro
“The Council regrets, we cannot permit you to sell this ... 'cittern' here.”
“The Council regrets, we cannot permit you to sell this" 'cittern' here.”
“I am certain that this 'cittern' is a lovely instrument, cherished in your homeland.”
“His guitar may be a crutch but is an awfully artful one, akin to a medieval minstrel's cittern accompanying a sung ballad.”
“Associated with Venus as well as Terpsichore, the cittern was strung with metal wire to ensure reliable tuning for impromptu use. 247 With their wood paneling, one can imagine that the studioli offer resonant settings for listening to music, which should be counted among the duke's activities in the Urbino studiolo.”
Architecture and Memory: The Renaissance Studioli of Federico da Montefeltro
“Urania is represented by the armillary sphere, Euterpe by flutes, Thalia by the rebec, Melpomene by the hunting horn, Terpsichore by the cittern, Erato by the jingle ring, and Polyhymnia by the organ.”
Architecture and Memory: The Renaissance Studioli of Federico da Montefeltro
“Consistent with Ficino's recommendations, a drawing by Carpaccio suggests that many (if not all) of the instruments represented in the studioli were likely performed therein, including those instruments bearing connotations of the "music of the spheres," such as the clavichord, organ, and lute. 246 Other instruments, like the cittern found at Gubbio, were as readily available in a tavern as in a princely studiolo.”
Architecture and Memory: The Renaissance Studioli of Federico da Montefeltro
“The cittern appeared to Lycaelon's eyes like some sort of giant, misshapen lute-flat on both sides, its sound box pulled into a sort of peculiar sand-glass shape.”
“A musician himself, playing fiddle, mandolin and cittern with various bands, he was a driving force in the English Folk Dance and Song Society and the South Riding Folk Arts Network and was responsible for republishing the songbooks English Classical Folk Songs (2003) and Marrow Bones (2007).”
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