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The name _participle_ is as true to its etymology when applied to the nounal use of the verb as when applied to the adjectival use.— Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition
The nounal and the adjectival uses of participial forms we distinguish very sharply.] one sharing the nature of the verb and that of the adjective; the other, the nature of the verb and that of the noun.— Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition
+Participles+ adjectival as adjective modifiers as attribute complements as mere adjectives as mere nouns as objective complements as prepositions as principal word in a phrase definition of expansion of forms of in independent phrases misuse of modified by _a_ and _the_ modified by a possessive nounal, called _gerunds, infinitives, verbal nouns_ place of punctuation of used in slurring— Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition
"The agent of a _nounal_ verb [i.e. participle] is never expressed," but that, "Sometimes it [the _nounal_ or _gerundial_ verb] is _qualified_, in its _nounal capacity_, by a possessive _adnoun_ indicative _of its agent_ as a verb; as, there is _nothing like one's_ BEING useful he doubted— The Grammar of English Grammars
If "_the participle used as a noun_, still retains its verbal properties," it is, manifestly, not a noun, but a participle still; not a participial noun, but a _nounal participle_, whether the thing be allowable or not.— The Grammar of English Grammars

Century Dictionary (1)
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