Definitions
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. Used to form the past tense of regular verbs: tasted.
- n. Used to form the past participle of regular verbs: absorbed.
- n. Having; characterized by; resembling: blackhearted.
Wiktionary
- n. Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- n. As an extension of the above, when used along with an adjective preceding the noun, describes something that has an object of a particular quality.
- n. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
- n. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
GNU Webster's 1913
- The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns
Etymologies
- From Old English -od ("adjective suffix"), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Compare also Latin -ātus. (Wiktionary)
- Middle English -ede, from Old English -ade, -ede, -ode.Middle English, from Old English -ad, -ed, -od.Middle English -ede, -de, from Old English -ed, -od. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Examples
“Sons of Anarchy creator Kurt Sutter has a few things to say to DirecTV customers who may lose access to Fox cable channels, including FX: "You're getting f---ed over.”
Kurt Sutter Takes On DirecTV Over Possible Blackout With Choice Words
“I f---ed too many chicks and did too many drugs, and that's the truth.”
George Clooney: I've Had Too Much Sex, Done Too Many Drugs for Politics
“A Perez-style scrawl over the image reads: James f---ed up the Oscars.”
“The general rule in English is that you conjugate the past tense of verbs by adding -ed but there are exceptions.”
“Just as genes and organisms undergo natural selection, words—specifically, irregular verbs such as “holp” that do not take an -ed ending in the past tense—are subject to powerful pressure to “regularize” as the language develops.”
“That single extant rule adds an -ed suffix to simple past and past participle forms.”
“Under these, shall we say, "Heat"-ed circumstances, it's quite possible the ghosts of past playoff failures might end up dancing around in the psyche of LeBrick James.”
The Huffington Post: Tom Pappalardo: Why the Bulls Will Beat the Heat in Eastern Conference Finals
“When adding -ed after the single n, however, the word appears to invite the pronunciation rhyming with “enthroned.””
Simon & Schuster: The Right Word in the Right Place at the Right Time
“This isn't 'I cry in my beer cos you f---ed him and ran your truck through my bar.”
Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph
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