cudbear

• “Various species of _Lecanora_, particularly _L. tartarea_, known as cudbear, are used in dyeing woollen yarn.”

  The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

• “His technique improved the stability of the popular but fragile violets and purples this lichen produced. 1 Gordon, who was a merchant, and his brother, a coppersmith, formed a partnership to sell cudbear, supplying printers and dyers throughout Britain.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “This strategy parallels our understanding of the production of colors in the workshop, where access to materials and skills lead to results with specific qualities — cudbear, for example, or Viquesnel's carmine, or the Spanish yellow the London colormaking firm Louis Berger made exclusively for the London-based artist's colorman James Newman. 9 This strategy recognizes the skill of the artisan as well.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Cuthbert Gordon's petition to the Society of Artsincluded seventy-eight different samples of colors made from his discovery, cudbear, and he noted that certain quantities of this coloring material would make pompadour color. reference As a name for a color, pompadour first appeared in England in the mid 1750s.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “In 1758, Cuthbert Gordon received a British patent for a substance he called cudbear, the result of a new processing method he developed for the traditional dyestuff orchil.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “One pound of cudbear will dye three pounds of wool a good pompadour, and nine pound does the same to twenty seven yards of superfine cloth.”

  The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe

• “Archil may be regarded as the English, cudbear as the Scotch, and litmus as the Dutch name for one and the same substance, extracted from several species of lichens by various processes.”

  Field's Chromatography or Treatise on Colours and Pigments as Used by Artists

• “Specimens of varieties of the lichens used in the manufacture of cudbear, orchil and litmus, and of the substance obtained, were also shown in the British department, which were awarded prize medals.”

  The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

• “I found no less than three yielded beautiful purple-red colors, apparently as fine as orchil or cudbear, while the others furnished rich and dark tints of brownish-red, brown and olive-green.”

  The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

• “Their utility in the arts, and especially in dyeing -- including the collection of a series of the commercial dye lichens, _i. e._, those used by the manufacturers of London, &c., in the making of orchil, cudbear, litmus, and other lichen dyes.”

  The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

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