uranium

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

1. n. A heavy silvery-white metallic element, radioactive and toxic, easily oxidized, and having 14 known isotopes of which U 238 is the most abundant in nature. The element occurs in several minerals, including uraninite and carnotite, from which it is extracted and processed for use in research, nuclear fuels, and nuclear weapons. Atomic number 92; atomic weight 238.03; melting point 1,132°C; boiling point 3,818°C; specific gravity 18.95; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. See Table at element.

Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia

1. n. Metallic uranium, as obtained in the fused condition by means of an electric furnace, is compact, white, and lustrous, capable of taking a high polish, of sp. gr. 18.7, melting at a very high temperature, and volatilizing more readily than iron, slowly acted upon by water at ordinary temperature, burning in oxygen or chlorin, and combining freely with nitrogen at 1000° C. The foundation was laid for the modern study of the phenomena of radioactivity when, in 1896, M. Henri Becquerel observed that a salt of uranium emits rays which affect a photographic plate screened by black paper opaque to ordinary light. This property proved to be common to all the salts of uranium and to uranium itself, and is exhibited continuously by uranium and its compounds even when they are kept in darkness. The intensity of the radiation is not materially affected by change of temperature within very wide limits. Not only are photographic effects produced by the radiation from uranium compounds, but positively or negatively electrified bodies, also, are discharged by ionization of the surrounding air. Subsequent investigation has shown that the uranium radiation is complex, and includes the emission of rays of the three types which have been designated as α, β, and γ respectively. No condensible gaseous emanation is given off, as in the case of radium and of thorium, but the radioactivity of uranium involves the constant production of a new kind of matter, itself temporarily active. See uranium X. The recent study of radioactive minerals has shown that the amount of radium in a mineral is proportional to the amount of uranium present. Uranium is believed to be the parent or generating substance of an extensive series of radioactive elements which are successively produced by the atomic disintegration of the uranium. This series of products includes ionium, actinium, radium, and polonium. The final substance remaining after the radioactive transformations are concluded is supposed to be ordinary lead.
2. n. Chemical symbol, U; atomic weight, 240. A metal discovered by Klaproth, in 1789, in a mineral which had been long known, and called pitch-blende, but which was supposed to be an ore of either zinc or iron. The metal itself was first isolated by Péligot, that which Klaproth had supposed to be a metal proving, on further examination, to be an oxid. Metallic uranium as obtained by the reduction of the chlorid has a specific gravity of 18.7, and resembles nickel in color. Uranium is far from being a widely distributed element; its combinations are few in number, and most of them rare. Pitch-blende is the most abundant and important of them, consisting chiefly of nranoso-uranic oxid, with usually a considerable percentage of impurities of various kinds, especially sulphuret of lead, arsenic, etc. Uranium belongs to the chromium group of elementary bodies. Sodium diuranate, or uranium-yellow, is quite an important yellow pigment, which is used on glass and porcelain, and in making yellow glass. Uranium pigments are much rarer and more expensive than those of which chromium forms the essential part.

Wiktionary

1. n. The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U.

GNU Webster's 1913

1. n. (Chem.) An element of the chromium group, found in certain rare minerals, as pitchblende, uranite, etc., and reduced as a heavy, hard, nickel-white metal which is quite permanent. Its yellow oxide is used to impart to glass a delicate greenish-yellow tint which is accompanied by a strong fluorescence, and its black oxide is used as a pigment in porcelain painting. Symbol U. Atomic weight 239.

WordNet 3.0

1. n. a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons