Definitions
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. The study or systematic classification of types that have characteristics or traits in common.
- n. A theory or doctrine of types, as in scriptural studies.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The doctrine of types or symbols; a discourse on types, especially those of Scripture.
Wiktionary
- n. The systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics.
- n. The result of the classification of things according to their characteristics.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. A discourse or treatise on types.
- n. The doctrine of types.
WordNet 3.0
- n. classification according to general type
Examples
“The structure's octagonal, centralized typology, is also troubling.”
Two Unfortunate and Unnecessary Cathedral Extensions in Australia
“Another typology is Publicist as Biggest Fan, where the publicist, after a ten-hour workday, is the only person who shows up for the author's reading.”
“This kind of parallelism is called typology, or symbolic exegesis.”
““Comparison” is here not comparison for comparison's sake (i.e., what in linguis - tics is usually called typology or typological compari - son) but for the sake of retrieving a past, linguistic or evolutionary as the case may be.”
“Tony, I was referring to the American "bible" on class, Paul Fussell's classic treatise: "Class: A Guide Through the American Status System" and some popular works based on his typology, which is:”
“It is often said that allegory, outside the specifically historical mode known as typology, is antihistorical.”
“But in Wood's own "typology" of humor, the "gentle" comedy he likes seems unavoidably sentimental to me.”
“For a really interesting discussion of the "typology" of presidents which is fully consistent with Obama's point, see Jack Balkin's blog (excerpt below):”
“He clearly has in mind shared natures -- the triangle example requires this; but he calls it 'typology', and type essentialism has generally been more popular in biology than shared nature essentialism.”
“Sometimes it seems that linguists like that kind of typology too much, dividing everything (usually) into threes or (sometimes) fours just from professional habit.”
Lists
These user-created lists contain the word ‘typology’.
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Mirrored Vowels
Rules:
• The word must have an even number of vowels.
• There must be four or more vowels; thus, at minimum, an A-A-A-A or A-B-B-A pattern.
• The vowels must appear in a mir...feminine, solicitor, caruncular, repackager, semiprimes, fetishises, decomposer, demonlover, recomposer, sepultures, lipotropic, colesterol and 385 more...
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Logolepsy
"Luciferous Logolepsy is a collection of over 9,000 obscure English words. Though the definition of an 'English' word might seem to be straightforward, it is not. There exist so many adopted, deriv...
Anschauung, Areopagus, Argus, Briarean, Dei gratia, Dei judicium, Deo volente, Duecento, Foehn, Geflugelte Worte, Gegenschein, Hakenkreuz and 9230 more...
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-ism's -logies
acosmism, absurdism, absolutism, ableism, aestheticism, alarmism, allotheism, anachronism, animalculism, analogism, animatism, animism and 464 more...
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Archaeology
Words for shovelbums!
trowel, mattock, chopper, n-transform, c-transform, taphonomy, processual, post-processual, microarchaeology, site, horizon, battleship curve and 33 more...
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Literary critical terms
cathexis, catachresis, polyvocal, alterity, liminality, liminal, limn, erasure, metonymic, intertextual, intrapoetic, contradistinction and 66 more...

Mark Mandel I use and see this word a lot, but not in a religious sense. Wikipedia's definition is adequate (and public domain):
a subfield of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features Oct 31, 2009
Prolagus And, for those who don't like Greek*: wordstem cutting. So sad you don't use talea for stem cutting (in Italian, I would suggest talea listatoria that sounds so Latin).
*I can hardly think of something so... against nature. Apr 14, 2008
Prolagus Of course it exists... from now on: logocladogenesis* (and logocladogenesimania).
*"creating a (new) branch out of a word". Apr 14, 2008
gangerh Your comment here, reesetee, apart from being fun, has co-incided with a thought I had this morning. I'm posting on features. Apr 14, 2008
reesetee There must be a word for the strong urge to turn a Wordie discussion into a list. ;-) Apr 14, 2008
Prolagus What I know is that soon we'll have an omphalological list. Apr 14, 2008
mollusque Omphalosepsis? I had no idea introspection could be so dangerous. Apr 14, 2008
asativum Better than omphalosepsis, I suspect. But yes, I aspire to be a leading omphalologist. Apr 14, 2008
reesetee Wow. Some major omphaloskepsis here, all right. ;-) Apr 11, 2008
Prolagus I consider myself among the "well-balanced wordies". (Do they exist?) Apr 11, 2008
yarb I think the main activities engaged in by Wordies are: listing, citing, sniping from the gallery, list-making, tagging, and self-analysis. Apr 11, 2008
mollusque Don't forget tagging (see discussion there). Some Wordies are more taghappy than others. Apr 11, 2008
asativum Further broken down between useful listings or citations and mere sniping from the gallery.
Put me down for the sniping section. Apr 11, 2008
frindley A typology of Wordies might begin by looking at the propensity for listing versus contribution of citations. Apr 10, 2008