hypertonic

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The medullary interstitium becomes increasingly hypertonic, whereby the osmolarity augments from 280mOsm kg-1H2O to 1200mOsm kg-1H2O at the apex of the loop.

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Definitions (6)

Toggle American Heritage definitions American Heritage Dictionary (2)

  1. adjective Pathology Having extreme muscular or arterial tension.
  2. adjective Chemistry Having the higher osmotic pressure of two solutions.

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Examples (50)

  • The transcription factor NFAT5 induces osmoprotective gene products that allow cells to adapt to sustained hypertonic conditions. —  PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
  • We conclude that NFAT5 facilitates cell proliferation under hypertonic conditions by inducing an osmoadaptive response that enables cells to express fundamental regulators needed for cell cycle progression. —  PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
  • NFAT5 is activated by hypertonic stress, by mechanisms involving DNA-damage responsive and stress-activated kinases such as ATM —  PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
  • Besides these models, the Ho laboratory showed that impairment of NFAT5 function in T cells caused a decrease in their viability and proliferative capacity under hypertonic stress The study of the role of NFAT5 in specific types of primary cells has been hindered by the severe phenotype of NFAT5-deficient mice, since only a small proportion survive after birth, and those that do manifest pronounced renal atrophy and growth defects —  PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
  • Consistent with the activation of p53, p21 was rapidly upregulated in response to hypertonic stress in both wild-type and NFAT5 —  PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
 

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Etymologies (1)

Toggle Century etymologies Century Dictionary (1)

  1. Greek ὑπέρ, over, + τόνος, strain, tension, + -ic.
 

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/haɪpərˈtɑnɪk/
by American Heritage

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