adjunct

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

1. n. Something attached to another in a dependent or subordinate position. See Synonyms at appendage.
2. n. A person associated with another in a subordinate or auxiliary capacity.
3. n. Grammar A clause or phrase added to a sentence that, while not essential to the sentence's structure, amplifies its meaning, such as for several hours in We waited for several hours.
4. n. Logic A nonessential attribute of a thing.
5. adj. Added or connected in a subordinate or auxiliary capacity: an adjunct clause.
6. adj. Attached to a faculty or staff in a temporary or auxiliary capacity: an adjunct professor of history.

Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia

1. United with another (generally in a subordinate capacity) in office or in action of any kind: as, an adjunct professor. Added to or conjoined with, as a consequence; attending; accompanying.
2. n. Something added to another, but not essentially a part of it.
3. n. A person joined to another in some duty or service; an assistant or subordinate colleague.
4. n. In metaphysics, any quality of a thing not pertaining to its essence.
5. n. In grammar, a word or a number of words added to define, limit, or qualify the force of another word or other words; a word or phrase having value in a sentence only as dependent on another member of the sentence, as an adjective, an adverb, the words of a dependent clause, etc.
6. n. In music, a scale or key closely related to another; a relative scale or key.

Wiktionary

1. n. An appendage; something attached to something else in a subordinate capacity.
2. n. A person associated with another, usually in a subordinate position; a colleague.
3. n. grammar A dispensable phrase in a clause or sentence that amplifies its meaning, such as "for a while" in "I typed for a while".
4. n. rhetoric Symploce.
5. n. dated, metaphysics A quality or property of the body or mind, whether natural or acquired, such as colour in the body or judgement in the mind.
6. n. music A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.
7. adj. Connected in a subordinate function.
8. adj. Added to a faculty or staff in a secondary position.

GNU Webster's 1913

1. adj. Conjoined; attending; consequent.
2. n. Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it.
3. n. A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate.
4. n. (Gram.) A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words.”
5. n. (Metaph.) A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired.
6. n. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. [R.] See Attendant keys, under Attendant, a.

WordNet 3.0

1. adj. of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another
2. adj. furnishing added support
3. n. a construction that can be used to extend the meaning of a word or phrase but is not one of the main constituents of a sentence
4. n. something added to another thing but not an essential part of it
5. n. a person who is an assistant or subordinate to another