P

• “Strictly speaking, If P then Q, ~P, therefore ~Q is invalid -- modus ponens is only valid if you affirm P; it's not if you deny it.”

  Refutation in verse

• “P(seems True|True)*P(True)+P(seems True|Lie)*P(Lie)”

  Detect Lie, Bryan Caplan | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty

• “Typically such sentences are conditional sentences such as ˜if P then Q™, though Boethius also treats ˜P or Q™ as hypothetical, apparently because he thinks that disjunction can be translated in terms of a conditional sentence.”

  Fictionaut: The Statue of a Writer

• “Thus, the claim ˜John's statement that P is true™ can be treated as equivalent to (say) ˜P, as John's statement said™.”

  Peter Frederick Strawson

• “P (~P/S) EU (~S), assuming that studying's increase in the probability of passing compensates for the effort of studying.”

  Causal Decision Theory

• “Necessarily P iff, according to the modal fiction, at all worlds, P*, where P* is the possible-worlds paraphrase of P.”

  Modal Fictionalism

• “P iff according to PW, P*. where “PW” is the fiction of possible worlds, P is any proposition, and P* is its possible-worlds”

  Modal Fictionalism

• “Others take it to be crucial for any modal interpretation that it also answer questions of the form: Given that a system possesses property P at time s, what is the probability that it will possess property P² at time”

  Modal Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics

• “P (pr (A) = x) 0 where ˜P™ is the agent's subjective probability function, and ˜pr (A)™ is the assignment that the agent regards as expert.”

  Interpretations of Probability

• “In that event, ˜Anything is P if and only if it is P²™ comes out true with respect to the actual world but not necessarily true.”

  Rigid Designators

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